Antonio Baldacci (1867-1950), an Italian polymath encompassing biology and geography, left an indelible mark on our understanding of Northern Albania. His explorations, spanning the late 19th and early 20th centuries, focused primarily on the Kelmend region, the Albanian Alps, and the Cem Valley. Notably, his work contributed significantly to bridging the gap between the “terra incognita” (unknown land) perception of Albania and its rightful place within the scientific and cultural spheres.
A Pioneering Explorer:
Baldacci’s scientific endeavors in the Balkans, including Albania, coincided with the “Grand Tour” phenomenon, a period of increased interest in regional exploration among the European bourgeoisie. Despite its geographical proximity to the cradle of civilization, Albania remained largely unexplored by European explorers (Donato Martucci & Rita Nicolì, 2013, p. 184). Baldacci’s dedication filled this gap, paving the way for further investigation.
While other researchers like Hans Walter Lack and Zoltán Barina contributed valuable botanical and geographical knowledge through works like “Albanian Routes, 1872-1902” and “New Maps of Albania, 1914” (Lack & Barina, 2020), Baldacci’s focus extended beyond mere documentation. His keen observations and scientific rigor provided invaluable insights into the region’s cultural facets, encompassing social practices and human-environment interactions. Notably, his comprehensive work, “Albania, 1929,” serves as a critical resource for understanding Albania’s physical geography, vegetation, fauna, population distribution, and economic landscape (ASH, 1991).
Unveiling the Botanical Treasures:
One of Baldacci’s most notable contributions is the discovery and documentation of numerous plant species endemic to the Albanian Alps. Among these discoveries is the “Wulfenia Baldaccii,” a plant named in his honor, symbolizing his lasting impact on the region’s botanical understanding.
Delving into the Cem Valley:
Baldacci’s meticulous research encompassed the Cem Valley, specifically focusing on the Kelmend region in 1902 and 1903. His observations highlighted the interconnectedness within the valley, despite the distinct characteristics of the Cem Vuklit and Cem Selcë branches. He noted the shared physical features of the river branches and the cultural similarities between the communities of Vukli and Selcë, emphasizing the unifying influence of the valley’s geography. Baldacci’s geological descriptions provided a detailed picture of the area’s landscape. He characterized the western alpine section of the valley as a narrow basin with steep, compact rock walls, showcasing
clear waters and undisturbed trout populations. This concise portrayal not only aids in geological understanding but also highlights the potential of this region as a scenic tourist destination. A Hidden Gem Revealed: The Cem Valley
Baldacci’s exploration shed light on the hidden gem that is the Cem Valley, formed by the confluence of the Cem Vuklit and Cem Selcës rivers. While the Selcës branch faces challenges due to its limited water flow, the Vuklit branch plays a vital role in sustaining the valley’s lifeblood. The valley boasts a picturesque landscape dominated by oak trees, particularly along the Tamara-Grabom route. Embedded within are historical gems like the village of Tamara, named after the wife of a Vizier who, inspired by the rushing waters, ordered the construction of a bridge. This crucial infrastructure not only facilitated travel but also served as the catalyst for the village’s establishment.
Beyond Exploration: A Legacy of Tourism and Research
Today, the Cem Valley thrives as a tourist destination, with local communities benefiting from visitor income and harvesting medicinal plants like sage and thyme. The presence of karst caves like the Malqe Gruda offers a glimpse into the valley’s rich history, waiting to be further explored.
Following in Baldacci’s Footsteps:
Themed Itineraries Inspired by Baldacci’s pioneering spirit, thematic itineraries can be developed for contemporary explorers. These itineraries can encompass:
- Challenging yet awe-inspiring journeys through the Kelmend region and the Cem Valley.
- Immersion in dramatic landscapes, including the Cem River Valley with its steep cliffs and crystal-clear waters.
- Exploration of the region’s significance for further scientific understanding and cultural appreciation.
Antonio Baldacci’s legacy extends far beyond geographical exploration and botanical discoveries. He played a pivotal role in bridging the knowledge gap regarding Northern Albania, paving the way for further research, and highlighting its unique natural beauty and cultural richness. By revisiting Baldacci’s work and retracing his steps through themed itineraries, we can gain valuable insights.